What is the difference between mixing and mastering?

Mixing and mastering are two separate stages of the audio production process that serve different purposes.

Mixing is the process of combining multiple audio tracks into a final stereo mix. During mixing, the individual tracks are balanced, equalized, compressed, and processed with effects to create a cohesive and balanced mix. The mixing engineer’s goal is to create a pleasing sonic balance between all the individual elements in the mix, while maintaining the intended musicality and emotion of the song.

Mastering is the final stage of the audio production process, which takes place after the mixing stage is complete. Mastering involves preparing the final stereo mix for distribution, by applying final processing, making tonal adjustments, optimizing the overall loudness, and preparing the audio for specific playback formats. The mastering engineer’s goal is to ensure that the final mix sounds consistent and polished across different playback systems, and meets the technical requirements of the intended distribution format.

In summary, mixing is the process of combining multiple audio tracks into a final stereo mix, while mastering is the process of preparing the final stereo mix for distribution. Mixing is focused on creating a balanced and cohesive mix, while mastering is focused on optimizing the overall sound and preparing the audio for specific playback formats.